How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and any previous history of ADHD. The doctor will also review your family history.
People are often diagnosed with ADHD in later life. A major event, such as pregnancy or a crisis in a relationship is a trigger for awareness of the problem. The first step in managing ADHD symptoms and improving function is to get a diagnosis.
Characteristics
Children who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD have significant difficulties with waiting to be called and focusing at school or in other environments. These issues can seriously affect their functioning at work, home or at school. The symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity have to be present for at least six months, and be noticeably greater than expected for their age or developmental level. They must also be causing significant problems at school, work, home and in relationships.
A certified health professional must conduct a medical evaluation to determine the presence of ADHD. This could include a thorough physical examination and a review of other conditions which can cause similar symptoms to depression or thyroid disease. The health professional may also look over the patient's medical, mental health, and academic records. He will also inquire with the patient about their symptoms. Children are asked questions according to their age, and parents are also able to be interviewed.
The doctor will apply American Psychiatric Association clinical guidelines to diagnose ADHD in adults as well as children. These guidelines are described in DSM-5 the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. He or she will look at the person's behavior, both in the past and now, and how it impacts their social, professional and family life. If possible, he she will review the person's past behavior as well as school experiences too.
When evaluating adults, the provider will consider whether or not they have a co-occurring mental health condition and will inquire whether the person has any family history of ADHD. People with family members with ADHD are more likely to have it themselves.
If a doctor suspects someone may have ADHD the doctor will conduct an entire clinical examination. This will include analyzing the person's current symptoms and asking them to keep a daily log of their symptoms over a time of several weeks. The doctor will also ask about any other medical conditions that the person may have and will consult the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine if they have any of the characteristics of ADHD.
Diagnosis
Many health professionals who specialize in mental illness or have an interest in ADHD can conduct screenings and diagnose the disorder. This includes clinical psychologists, physician assistants, nurse practitioners psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and. Family doctors may diagnose ADHD in adolescents, children and adults. They can refer adults for a comprehensive evaluation.
A thorough medical exam that includes an evaluation of hearing and sight, is the first step to diagnosing ADHD. Additionally, a doctor might suggest an examination of the brain, called an EEG-Based Assessment Aid or NEBA to determine the relative concentration of the beta and theta waves within the brain. This type of scanning can be used to test for ADHD in a non-invasive and secure way.
In an interview with the person the examiner will review the patient's medical and mental history going back to childhood, as well as the present symptoms and strategies for coping. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
click hyperlink will ask teachers and others who spend a great deal of time with children to complete checklists or questionnaires. The doctor may ask parents to fill out the forms. For adults, they will often discuss marriage with spouses and other close friends, and also co-workers, and may want to interview relatives who know the person from childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The doctor will determine how long symptoms have been present and if they result in impairment at home, in school, at work or in any other part of life.
The mental health professional should also look for other disorders that share symptoms with ADHD such as anxiety, depression or bipolar disorder. They should also look for physical causes such as thyroid problems or sleep disorders. A thorough examination will also take a look at the person's emotional, social and family history.
Treatment
Children with ADHD need to learn how to manage their symptoms. Family members can aid them by encouraging the school staff to watch the child's progress, giving positive feedback, and being flexible and patient. They can also teach the child relaxation techniques and techniques for calming, such as meditation or yoga. Regular physical activity and a nutritious diet can boost the ability of children with ADHD to concentrate and focus. Drinks and foods high in sugar can worsen symptoms. They should also sleep enough.
ADHD symptoms can last through adolescence, and even into adulthood. In adults, they may manifest as problems at work or in relationships. A healthcare professional will conduct an assessment to determine whether a person is suffering from ADHD and the severity of it. This evaluation usually includes an assessment of mental health, a physical exam and interviews with the individual, his or her parents, spouse or life partner and other family members who know the person well. The healthcare provider might request a list of the person's symptoms and how they impact him or her. They can also use rating scales or other tests to determine whether the person meets the typical criteria for ADHD. The doctor will also conduct a medical history of any medical problems which could mimic the symptoms of ADHD, such as seizures and thyroid disorders.
If a person is diagnosed with ADHD, a medication is usually prescribed to treat the symptoms. The majority of stimulants are prescribed to treat ADHD as well as in children as well as adults. These drugs can cause adverse effects. One should only take these medications under the supervision of a physician and with the prescription of a doctor. Tell your doctor about any medications you are taking. Certain drugs may interact with stimulants and cause dangerous adverse effects. Many people suffering from ADHD must try various types and dosages of medication before they can find one that works.
The following is a list of preventatives.
In some instances it is possible to reduce exposure to environmental triggers may help prevent ADHD symptoms. These triggers could include diet and sleep habits and family structure, as well as medication. A GP can assist you in finding ways to manage these triggers, and then refer you for additional support or to a dietitian who can suggest changes in your diet.
Children can also be helped by following the same routines by limiting sugar and caffeine and taking regular vitamins and mineral supplements (consult your GP). Avoid nutritional supplements that don't have scientific backing or may interfere with certain medications.
Adults who suspect they be suffering from ADHD should consult an expert in mental health such as psychologist or psychiatrist to get an assessment. The doctor will look over medical records, conduct a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out any other possible causes for the symptoms. The therapist will discuss the symptoms with the patient, observe the patient's behavior and apply the standard ratings scales. The therapist will assess the intensity and duration of the ADHD-related symptoms as well in determining whether they have a significant impact on the person's daily life.
Usually, a therapist will work with the patient and family to improve parenting skills, teach time management and other strategies for organization, and train the patient in metacognitive techniques that involve identifying and modifying "thinking distortions" that can cause negative moods and perceptions of limited alternatives. Psychologists are able to prescribe certain medications and work with mental health professionals to provide a comprehensive treatment.
Parents can aid by providing a secure family environment, setting clear expectations and rewards, encouraging an appropriate sleep hygiene and refraining from stimulants. They should encourage their child to socialize with others and develop a healthy relationship with their child's partner.
School staff can provide valuable information regarding the learning and behavior of the student However, they are not able to diagnose ADHD or make decisions about treatment. The student's parents and healthcare provider must make these decisions with the assistance of the teacher.